Reference: Ennett, S. T., Rosenbaum, D. P., Flewelling, R. L., Bieler, G. S., Ringwalt, C. L., & Bailey, S. L. (1994). Long-term evaluation of Drug Abuse Resistance Education. Addictive Behaviors, 19, 113-125.

Strategy: Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.)

Matrix Dimensions:
X-axis: Individuals
Y-axis: General
Z-axis: Highly Proactive

Results: Nonsignificant
Program has no significant impact on smoking, alcohol use, or heavy drinking immediately after, 1 year after, and 2 years; after program; Program does reduce likelihood of starting smoking immediately after; No positive impact on attitudes

Methodological Rigor: Rigorous- quasi-experiment with comparison group

Abstract: (from NCJRS) Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) is the most prevalent school-based drug-use prevention program in the United States, but there is little evidence of its effectiveness. Results from a longitudinal evaluation of the program in 36 schools in Illinois provide only limited support for DARE's impact on student's drug use immediately following the intervention, and no support for either continued or emerging impact on drug use 1 or 2 years after receiving DARE instruction. In addition, DARE had only limited positive effects on psychological variables (i.e., self-esteem) and no effect on social variables (e.g., peer resistance skills). Possible substantive and methodological explanations for the relative lack of DARE's effectiveness observed in this study are discussed.